International instruments and arrangements in the sub-Antarctic

International Instruments and Arrangements in the Sub - Antarctic

This paper places the sub-Antarctic region in its international context by contrasting the sub-Antarctic's geographical qualities with the region's international legal and political characteristics. It sbows that the international aspects of the legal regime applying in the sub-Antarctic are less developed than in the Antarctic. An overview is provided of some of the most relevant international...

Conservation and Management Frameworks for Sub-antarctic International Waters

The waters of rhe sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean are legally distinctive from those which fall within the Antarctic Treaty area extending to 60e S, not only because the Treaty does not apply in those waters but also because sovereignty over sub-Antarctic islands is largely uncontested. As a result, many of the countries claiming sub-Antarctic possessions are able to assert the full range of marit...

Activities in the Sub - Antarctic

Current scientific activity in the sub-Antarctic islands is assessed in the context of past achievements and potential future issues. Brief mention is made of the scientific expeditions of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A survey of international bibliographic databases revealed the dominance of research in the life sciences, reflecting the unique characteristics of sub-Antarctic ecosys...

The Status and Trends of Antarctic and Sub - Antarctic Seabirds

Underwater Optics in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic Coastal Ecosystems

Understanding underwater optics in natural waters is essential in evaluating aquatic primary production and risk of UV exposure in aquatic habitats. Changing environmental conditions related with global climate change, which imply potential contrasting changes in underwater light climate further emphasize the need to gain insights into patterns related with underwater optics for more accurate f...